What Are the Causes of Uterine Prolapse?

What Are the Causes of Uterine Prolapse?

Uterine prolapse is a medical condition that occurs when the uterus slips from its normal position in the pelvis down toward the vagina. 

This happens due to weakness or damage to the muscles and ligaments that support the uterus, leading to an inability to keep it in its correct place. 

Symptoms can range from a feeling of heaviness in the pelvis to difficulty urinating or a sensation of pressure in the vagina.

In this article, we will discuss the potential causes of uterine prolapse and the available treatment options.

Stages of Uterine Prolapse

Uterine prolapse is classified into several stages based on the severity of the uterus descending from its normal position. 

These stages are used to determine the extent of the prolapse and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

Here are the stages of uterine prolapse:

• Stage One (Mild Prolapse): The uterus descends slightly into the upper part of the vagina without reaching the vaginal opening.
• Stage Two (Moderate Prolapse): The uterus descends to the vaginal opening but does not protrude from it.
• Stage Three (Advanced Prolapse): Part of the uterus protrudes outside the vaginal opening.
• Stage Four (Complete Prolapse): The uterus completely exits the vagina, sometimes referred to as “complete uterine prolapse.”

Generally, the more advanced the stage, the more severe the symptoms and the greater the need for medical or surgical intervention.

What Are the Causes of Uterine Prolapse?

The causes of uterine prolapse vary from woman to woman but are usually related to the weakening of the supportive muscles and tissues in the pelvic area. 

Here are the main causes:

Pregnancy and Repeated Natural Births

Increased pressure on the pelvic muscles during pregnancy and multiple births, especially if difficult or assisted deliveries occurred, can weaken the pelvic muscles and ligaments supporting the uterus, increasing the risk of prolapse.

Aging

As women age, the muscles and tissues lose their elasticity and strength, particularly after menopause due to decreased estrogen levels.

Obesity and Overweight

Excess weight puts additional pressure on the pelvic muscles and ligaments, increasing the risk of prolapse.

Chronic Straining

Chronic coughing, persistent constipation, or frequent heavy lifting can excessively strain the pelvic muscles.

Congenital Tissue Weakness

Some women are born with a natural weakness in the supportive tissues of the pelvis, making them more prone to prolapse.

Genetic Factors

Some women may be more susceptible to uterine prolapse due to genetic factors affecting the strength of muscular tissues and ligaments.

Symptoms of Uterine Prolapse

Symptoms of uterine prolapse vary based on the severity of the condition. 

Some women may experience mild symptoms, while others face more severe symptoms affecting their daily lives. 

Here are the common symptoms of uterine prolapse:

• A feeling of heaviness or pressure in the pelvis, worsening when standing or lifting heavy objects.
• In advanced cases, part of the uterus may protrude, or there may be a noticeable bulge of uterine tissues from the vaginal opening.
• Urinary problems, including difficulty urinating, a frequent urge to urinate, or urinary incontinence.
• A sensation of fullness in the vagina.
• Difficulty with bowel movements (constipation).
• Some women may experience pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse.

Symptoms may worsen when standing for long periods or after strenuous physical activity.

How is Uterine Prolapse Diagnosed?

Diagnosing this case requires a thorough evaluation by a specialist and typically involves the following steps:

Medical History Review 

The doctor will ask about the symptoms and medical history, including the number of births and any other health issues.

Clinical Examination

This includes assessing the pelvic and vaginal area, and the patient may be asked to perform certain actions, such as coughing or standing, to determine the extent of the prolapse.

Ultrasound Imaging

Ultrasound can be used to provide detailed images of the uterus and pelvis, helping to assess the extent of the prolapse and evaluate other pelvic tissues and organs.

How is Uterine Prolapse Treated?

Treatment for this case depends on the severity of the condition, symptoms, and the patient’s needs. 

Treatment options include:

Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercises and Physical Therapy

Non-surgical options like exercises aim to strengthen the supportive pelvic muscles. Kegel exercises, which target the pelvic floor muscles, are effective.

Lifestyle Modifications

Changes in daily activities and healthy habits can help alleviate symptoms and prevent worsening of the condition. 

This includes avoiding heavy lifting and maintaining a healthy weight.

Surgical Repair of Prolapse

If symptoms are severe or unmanageable with non-surgical treatments, surgical options may be considered, such as repairing the prolapse.

Hysterectomy

In some cases, removing the uterus may be necessary, especially if the patient does not plan to conceive in the future.

Overall, it’s important to consult a specialist to determine the most suitable option based on individual circumstances and patient needs.

Is Uterine Prolapse a Serious Condition?

Uterine prolapse can be uncomfortable and bothersome, but it is not dangerous. 

It significantly impacts quality of life and may hinder daily activities and overall comfort.

Read More: What Are the Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer?

Sources:

1. Uterine prolapse. (2024, May 1). Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16030
2. Uterine prolapse – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic. (2022b, September 8). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/symptoms-causes/syc-20353458