Ovarian Cysts

Ovarian Cysts

An ovarian cysts is one of the most common conditions among women. It refers to fluid-filled sacs that may develop in or on the surface of one of the ovaries. 

Typically, these cysts are benign and may not cause symptoms, but in some cases, they can lead to noticeable symptoms as described in this article.

Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts

Most cases do not cause symptoms, especially if the cysts are small. They may also resolve on their own. 

However, larger cysts can lead to symptoms including:

• Pelvic Pain: Pain may be localized to the lower abdomen, often on one side. This pain can be mild or severe and may be constant or intermittent.

• Feeling of Fullness or Pressure in the Abdomen: A sensation of heaviness or pressure in the abdominal area.

• Pain During Intercourse: Discomfort or pain may occur during sexual activity.

• Bloating: An increase in abdominal bloating.

• Painful Menstrual Periods: Menstrual cramps or pain that may be more severe than usual.

Causes of Ovarian Cysts

Common causes of ovarian cysts include:

Ovulation

Most functional cysts occur when a follicle (a small sac containing an egg) grows but does not rupture to release the egg. Normally, this follicle should break open each month to release an egg during ovulation.

Endometriosis

Women with endometriosis may develop endometriomas on the ovaries, also known as chocolate cysts.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Untreated PID can lead to the development of pus-filled cysts on or near the ovaries.

Abnormal Cell Growth

Women may develop dermoid cysts (teratomas) if cells grow abnormally on the ovaries.

Risk Factors of Ovarian Cysts

Factors that may increase the likelihood of developing this case include:

• Fertility Medications: For example, using clomiphene, a drug that helps with ovulation, can increase the risk of ovarian cysts.
• Pregnancy: A cyst that forms during ovulation may persist throughout pregnancy and afterward.
• Previous Ovarian Cysts: Women who have had ovarian cysts before are at higher risk of developing additional cysts.

When to See a Doctor for Ovarian Cysts

Consult a doctor if you experience:

• Delayed or Irregular Menstrual Periods: Painful periods or irregular menstrual cycles.
• Persistent Abdominal Pain: Ongoing pain in the abdomen.
• Abdominal Swelling or Distension: Increased size or swelling of the abdomen.
• Difficulty Urinating: Trouble with urination or emptying the bladder.
• Pain During Intercourse: Discomfort during sex.
• Feeling of Fullness or Pressure in the Abdomen: Persistent abdominal pressure or discomfort.
• Unexplained Weight Loss: Sudden weight loss without a clear cause.

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:

• Severe Abdominal Pain: Sudden, intense pain accompanied by vomiting or fever.
• Dizziness or Fainting: Dizziness, fainting, or rapid breathing.

Diagnosing Ovarian Cysts

Initially, the doctor will inquire about symptoms and perform an ultrasound, which provides clear images of internal organs. 

This helps determine the size, location, shape, and composition of the cyst (whether it is solid or fluid-filled).

Additional imaging tests may include:

• Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: Uses a machine to create cross-sectional images of internal organs.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Provides detailed and deep images of internal structures.

Treatment for Ovarian Cysts

Treatment depends on factors such as age, symptoms, and the underlying cause of the cyst. 

Here are the main treatments:

Watchful Waiting

Functional ovarian cysts often resolve without treatment. In such cases, they are usually monitored with follow-up ultrasounds to see if the cyst resolves on its own.

Medications

Hormonal treatments, such as birth control pills, may be prescribed to stop ovulation and prevent future cysts.

Surgery

If the cyst is causing symptoms or growing, surgical removal may be necessary. The type of surgery depends on the cyst’s size and other factors:

Laparoscopy

A minimally invasive procedure involving small incisions and a tube with a light and camera called a laparoscope. The cyst can be removed through these small incisions.

Traditional Surgery

May be performed if the cyst is very large or if other concerns are present.

Read More: Vaginal Dryness

References:

1. Ovarian cysts – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic. (2023, July 28). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ovarian-cysts/symptoms-causes/syc-20353405
2. Professional, C. C. M. (n.d.-l) Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9133-ovarian-cysts#symptoms-and-causes
3. Morgan, K. K. (2023, October 26). WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/women/ovarian-cysts#1-4
4. Ovarian cysts. (2023, February 24). Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/ovarian-cysts#treatment